UNIT 5
Lessons 4, 5 and 6
GRAMMAR
THE SECOND CONDITIONAL
● We use the Second Conditional to talk about imaginary, impossible or unlikely situations, either in the present or the future. It is often used to express the opposite of what is true.
- If I saw a polar bear, I'd take a lot of photographs.
(But the fact is that I didn't see a polar bear, so this is impossible.)
- If I won a lot of money, I'd go on an Arctic boat trip.
(Not impossible, but extremely unlikely.)
- If I travelled to the Arctic in winter, I would experience severe snowstorms.
(But the truth is that I haven't travelled to the Arctic in winter.)
● We form the Second Conditional with
If + Past Simple, would / wouldn’t + infinitive.
In spoken or informal English, we use ’d for would.
- If I won a lot of money, I'd go on a Red Sea boat trip.
● In the Second Conditional, we can put either the situation or the consequence first. If the situation comes first, we use a comma.
- If you went there in winter, you would probably experience severe snowstorms.
You would be unlucky if you didn’t see any seals.
VOCABULARY: Marine life
Before reading
The key words
|
The word / phrase |
The meaning |
The part of speech |
|
seaweed |
a green, brown, or dark red plant that grows in the sea or on land very close to the sea |
Noun |
|
species |
a set of animals or plants in which the members have similar characteristics to each other and can breed with each other |
Noun |
|
shell |
the hard outer covering of something, especially nuts, eggs, and some animals |
Noun |
|
predator |
an animal that hunts, kills, and eats other animals |
Noun |
|
flipper |
one of two parts like arms on the bodies of some sea creatures, such as seals and penguins, used for swimming |
Noun |
|
sponge |
a sea creature |
Noun |
|
jellyfish |
a sea creature with a soft, oval, almost transparent body |
Noun |
Sea turtles are among the most ancient creatures in the world. There are seven species of sea turtles that can be found today and they are found in all waters that are warm. Since the Red Sea’s water in Aqaba is constantly warm, it is considered to be the place where sea turtles travel in search of food. All sea turtles have hard shells that protect them from predators. Their shells are also streamlined to help them swim through the water more easily and faster. Their colour differs depending on the species; they could be yellow, green or black. Unlike other turtles, sea turtles cannot hide their legs and head inside their shells because they have flippers that direct them smoothly while swimming. Those flippers are also built for digging in the sand. Most sea turtles eat small sea animals, such as sponges, jellyfish, snails and shrimps. Other sea turtles feed on sea plants and grasses, such as seaweed. Surprisingly, sea turtles can live up to 80 years and can weigh up to 200 kilogrammes!
While reading
The main ideas:
- There are seven species of sea turtles.
- Living conditions of sea turtles.
- Adaptation to sea turtles' environment.
- Food of sea turtles.
- How sea turtles are adapted to their habitat.
After reading
Why is the Red Sea considered to be the place where sea turtles travel in search of food?
Since the Red Sea’s water in Aqaba is constantly warm.