Student's Book page 28
Success stories
Before you begin: Page 28, exercises 1, 2 and 3
1 Work in pairs. Look at the photographs. Who do they refer to?
What are these people famous for?
Answers
a. Jabir ibn Hayyan b. Al-Kindi c. Ali ibn Nafi '
2 DW Read the words in the box. Check the meaning of any word(s) that you do not know in the Glossary on pages 92–93 or in a dictionary. Group the words in two categories:
1. subjects 2. people specialised in certain fields of study
| arithmetic geometry mathematician philosopher physician polymath |
Answers
1. subjects: arithmetic, geometry
2. people specialised in certain fields of study: mathematician, philosopher, physician, polymath
|
English Meaning |
WORD |
|
the branch of mathematics concerned with numerical calculations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. |
Arithmetic ( n)
|
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The branch of mathematics concerned with the properties, relationships and measurement of points, lines and curves |
Geometry ( n) |
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A person who studies Mathematics to a very complex level. |
Mathematician(n) |
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Someone who studies and writes philosophy professionally or an undergraduate student of Philosophy. |
Philosopher ( n )
|
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Someone qualified to practise medicine, especially one who specialises in diagnosis and treatment. |
Physician ( n) |
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Someone who has a lot of knowledge about many different subjects. |
Polymath ( n) |
Research box
| Which Arab optical scientist invented the camera obscura? |
Answer
Ibn al-Haitham invented it. A camera obscura (which means ‘dark room’ in Latin) is an optical device that
projects an image of its surroundings onto a screen. Its invention led to the invention of the camera.
3 This article is about important Islamic achievements. Listen and read. Check your answers to exercise 1.
| The importance of Islamic achievements in history |
|
Jabir ibn Hayyan ( born 722 CE, died 815 CE) The Arab world has many famous chemists in its history, but the person who is known as the founder of chemistry is probably Jabir ibn Hayyan. He is most well known for the beginning of the production of Sulphuric Acid. He also built a set of scales which changed the way in which chemists weighed items in a laboratory: his scales could weigh items over6,000 times smaller than a kilogram. Ali ibnNafi ’ ( Ziryab ) ( born 789 CE , died 857 CE( Ali ibn Nafi' is also known as „ Ziryab (or „ Blackbird ‟, because of his beautiful voice). He was a gifted pupil of a famous musician from Baghdad, and it was his talent for music that led him to Cordoba in the ninth century CE. He was the guest of the Umayyad ruler there. He is the person who established the first music school in the world in Cordoba, Al-Andalus, teaching musical harmony and composition. He revolutionised musical theory, and is also the person who introduced the Oud to Europe. Fatima al-Fihri ( born early 9th century, died 880 CE) Fatima al-Fihri was the daughter of a wealthy businessman. She used her father's inheritance to build a learning centre in Fez, Morocco. This learning centre became Morocco's top university, and it is where many students from all over the world come to study. Moreover, it was Fatima's sister, Mariam, who supervised the building of the Andalus Mosque which was not far from the learning centre. Al-Kindi ( born around 801 CE, died 873 CE( Al-Kindi was a physician, philosopher, mathematician, chemist, musician and astronomer - a true polymath. He made ground-breaking discoveries in many of these fields, but it is probably his work in arithmetic and geometry that has made him most famous. |
Explanation:
|
Jabir ibn Hayyan ( born 722 CE, died 815 CE) The Arab world has many famous chemists in its history, but the person who is known as the founder of chemistry is probably Jabir ibn Hayyan. He is most well known for the beginning of the production of Sulphuric Acid. He also built a set of scales which changed the way in which chemists weighed items in a laboratory: his scales could weigh items over6,000 times smaller than a kilogram. |
1. The founder of chemistry is probably Jabir ibn Hayyan.
2. Jabir ibn Hayyan made some important achievements in his life, such as producing Sulphuric Acid and building a set of scales.
3. Ibn Hayyan's set of scales is significant because it could weigh items over6,000 times smaller than a kilogram.
4. The word founder means the person who starts something new, such as an organisation or a city.
5. The pronoun 'its' in line number one refers to The Arab world.
|
Ali ibnNafi ’ ( Ziryab ) ( born 789 CE , died 857 CE( Ali ibn Nafi' is also known as „ Ziryab (or „ Blackbird ‟, because of his beautiful voice). He was a gifted pupil of a famous musician from Baghdad, and it was his talent for music that led him to Cordoba in the ninth century CE. He was the guest of the Umayyad ruler there. He is the person who established the first music school in the world in Cordoba, Al-Andalus, teaching musical harmony and composition. He revolutionised musical theory, and is also the person who introduced the Oud to Europe. |
1. Ali ibn Nafi' also known as ' Ziryab' because of his beautiful voice.
2. Ali ibn Nafi' made some important achievements in music:
-He established the first music school in the world in Cordoba, Al-Andalus, teaching musical harmony and composition.
-He revolutionised musical theory.
- He is also the person who introduced the Oud to Europe.
3. The word 'revolutionised' means to completely change the way people do something or think about something.
4. The word 'talent' means special ability.
5. The pronoun 'his' in line number one refers to Ali ibn Nafi ’ ( Ziryab ).
|
Fatima al-Fihri ( born early 9th century, died 880 CE) Fatima al-Fihri was the daughter of a wealthy businessman. She used her father's inheritance to build a learning centre in Fez, Morocco. This learning centre became Morocco's top university, and it is where many students from all over the world come to study. Moreover, it was Fatima's sister, Mariam, who supervised the building of the Andalus Mosque which was not far from the learning centre. |
1. Fatima al-Fihri used her father's inheritance to build a learning centre in Fez, Morocco.
2. The sentence that refers to the importance of the learning centre in Fez is:
This learning centre became Morocco's top university, and it is where many students from all over the world come to study.
3. Fatima's sister, Mariam, supervised the building of the Andalus Mosque.
4. Many students from all over the world come to study at this learning centre that became a university.
5. The word inheritance means Money or things that you get from someone after they die.
6. The pronoun who in line number five refers to Fatima's sister, Mariam or Mariam.
|
Al-Kindi ( born around 801 CE, died 873 CE( Al-Kindi was a physician, philosopher, mathematician, chemist, musician and astronomer - a true polymath. He made ground-breaking discoveries in many of these fields, but it is probably his work in arithmetic and geometry that has made him most famous. |
1. The two subjects that have made Al-kindi a famous person are arithmetic and geometry
2. The word polymath means Someone who has a lot of knowledge about many different subjects.
3. Al-Kindi specialised in medicine, philosophy, mathematics, chemistry, music and astronomy.
4. The sentence which indicates that Al-Kindi had a lot of knowledge about many different subjects is:
Al-Kindi was a physician, philosopher, mathematician, chemist, musician and astronomer - a true polymath.
5. The word physician means Someone qualified to practise medicine, especially one who specialises in diagnosis and treatment.
6. The underlined pronoun above refers to Al-Kindi's work in arithmetic and geometry
vocabularies
|
English Meaning |
WORD |
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Money or things that you get from someone after they die |
Inheritance ( n)
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A pleasant sound in music, made by playing or singing a group of different notes together |
Musical harmony ( n)
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To completely change the way people do something or think about something |
Revolutionise (v) |
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Someone who works in a laboratory. |
Chemist ( n) |
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Special ability |
Talent |
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The person who starts something new, such as an organisation or a city |
founder
|
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An instrument to measure weight. |
scales |
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[of music] a piece of music that someone has written. |
Composition (n) compose (verb) |
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The tall , thin tower of a mosque from which Muslims are called to prayers. |
Minaret
|